lmd_Boucher2000.bib
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@article{2000RvGeo..38..513H,
author = {{Haywood}, J. and {Boucher}, O.},
title = {{Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review}},
journal = {Reviews of Geophysics},
keywords = {Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Transmission and scattering of radiation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Remote sensing},
year = 2000,
month = nov,
volume = 38,
pages = {513-543},
abstract = {{This paper reviews the many developments in estimates of the direct and
indirect global annual mean radiative forcing due to present-day
concentrations of anthropogenic tropospheric aerosols since
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1996]. The range of estimates
of the global mean direct radiative forcing due to six distinct aerosol
types is presented. Additionally, the indirect effect is split into two
components corresponding to the radiative forcing due to modification of
the radiative properties of clouds (cloud albedo effect) and the effects
of anthropogenic aerosols upon the lifetime of clouds (cloud lifetime
effect). The radiative forcing for anthropogenic sulphate aerosol ranges
from -0.26 to -0.82 W m$^{-2}$. For fossil fuel black carbon the
radiative forcing ranges from +0.16 W m$^{-2}$ for an external
mixture to +0.42 W m$^{-2}$ for where the black carbon is modeled
as internally mixed with sulphate aerosol. For fossil fuel organic
carbon the two estimates of the likely weakest limit of the direct
radiative forcing are -0.02 and -0.04 W m$^{-2}$. For
biomass-burning sources of black carbon and organic carbon the combined
radiative forcing ranges from -0.14 to -0.74 W m$^{-2}$. Estimates
of the radiative forcing due to mineral dust vary widely from +0.09 to
-0.46 W m$^{-2}$; even the sign of the radiative forcing is not
well established due to the competing effects of solar and terrestrial
radiative forcings. A single study provides a very tentative estimate of
the radiative forcing of nitrates to be -0.03 W m$^{-2}$.
Estimates of the cloud albedo indirect radiative forcing range from -0.3
to approximately -1.8 W m$^{-2}$. Although the cloud lifetime
effect is identified as a potentially important climate forcing
mechanism, it is difficult to quantify in the context of the present
definition of radiative forcing of climate change and current model
simulations. This is because its estimation by general circulation
models necessarily includes some level of cloud and water vapor
feedbacks, which affect the hydrological cycle and the dynamics of the
atmosphere. Available models predict that the radiative flux
perturbation associated with the cloud lifetime effect is of a magnitude
similar to that of the cloud albedo effect.
}},
doi = {10.1029/1999RG000078},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000RvGeo..38..513H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2000GeoRL..27.1103B,
author = {{Boucher}, O. and {Tanré}, D.},
title = {{Estimation of the aerosol perturbation to the Earth's Radiative Budget over oceans using POLDER satellite aerosol retrievals}},
journal = {\grl},
keywords = {Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Remote sensing},
year = 2000,
month = apr,
volume = 27,
pages = {1103-1106},
abstract = {{POLDER satellite retrievals of aerosol properties over oceans are used
to estimate a global-mean clear-sky aerosol shortwave flux perturbation
of order -5 to -6 Wm$^{-2}$. Uncertainties due
to aerosol absorption and POLDER cloud screening algorithm are
quantified. In order to bound the radiative forcing by anthropogenic
aerosols, we attempt to remove the contribution of background aerosols
from these estimates and present all-sky aerosol radiative effects for
three regions and two methods. The results are sensitive to the
thresholds used to define the background conditions.
}},
doi = {10.1029/1999GL010963},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GeoRL..27.1103B},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
