lmd_EMC31987.bib

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@article{1987AdSpR...7..199P,
  author = {{Picon}, L. and {Desbois}, M. and {Sèze}, G.},
  title = {{Use of meteosat ISCCP B2 data for the study of interannual variations of climatic elements in Africa}},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {199-202},
  abstract = {{Composite monthly images corresponding to West African rainy seasons of
1983, 1984, and 1985, have been constructed from ISCCP B2 Meteosat data.
Average and standard deviation images from thermal infrared and water
vapor channels are studied. In the thermal infrared, differences between
the three years appear principally in the mean structure of the ITCZ,
North-South extend, northward boundary, longitudinal variations of the
convection. In the water vapor channel, well defined ``dry'' areas
appear, showing the location and extent of subsidence regions on a large
scale. These locations and extents also vary from year to year.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0273-1177(87)90146-3},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987AdSpR...7..199P},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1987JGR....92.4019H,
  author = {{Henderson-Sellers}, A. and {SéZe}, G. and {Drake}, F. and 
	{Desbois}, M.},
  title = {{Surface-observed and satellite-retrieved cloudiness compared for the 1983 ISCCP Special Study Area in Europe}},
  journal = {\jgr},
  year = 1987,
  month = apr,
  volume = 92,
  pages = {4019-4033},
  abstract = {{A comparison has been undertaken between surface-observed total low- and
high-cloud amount and retrievals from METEOSAT radiance data made using
the cluster technique of Desbois et al. (1982). The aim of the study was
to establish whether surface-observed cloud information could be
usefully exploited to benefit satellite-based cloud retrievals.
Observations from 124 surface stations at 1200 UT for the 20-day period
from July 22 to August 10, 1983, were compared with retrievals made from
METEOSAT radiances measured at 1130 UT. The comparisons for total and
low-cloud amount are made for France and southern Britain. The
high-cloud amount comparison was limited to 34 stations in southern
Britain. The location and time period were selected to coincide with one
of the regions designated for special study in the International
Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) (Schiffer, 1982). For total
cloud amount, 29\% of the retrievals were fully in agreement with the
surface observations and 64\% of differences were within {\plusmn}1 okta
({\plusmn}1 eighth of sky cover). In the case of layer cloud amounts, 64\%
of the low-cloud amount differences and 50\% of the high-cloud amount
differences were within {\plusmn}1 okta, although many of these successes
(71\% in the low-cloud amount) were for cases of totally clear or totally
cloudy skies. Surface observations, which offer the only source of
accurate low-cloud amount evaluation in any multilayered situation, were
found to identify thin cirrus which was not detected by the satellite
retrieval and to detect small gaps in cloud decks and small clouds
missed by the satellite retrieval. In addition, cloud retrievals in
coastal locations seemed to be more successfully accomplished by surface
observers than by the satellite retrieval algorithm used here, which
does not take into account land-sea partition.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/JD092iD04p04019},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JGR....92.4019H},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1987JApMe..26..287S,
  author = {{Seze}, G. and {Desbois}, M.},
  title = {{Cloud Cover Analysis from Satellite Imagery Using Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Data.}},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Meteorology},
  year = 1987,
  month = feb,
  volume = 26,
  pages = {287-303},
  abstract = {{New developments of a cloud classification scheme based on histogram
clustering by a statistical method are presented. Use of time series of
geostationary satellite pictures as well as for construction of
composite images representative of the surface properties and then for
the identification of significative cloud classes is discussed. Spatial
variances are introduced as additional parameters of the classification,
with the aim to better separate clouds from the surface and the
different kinds of more or less homogeneous cloud classes.
}},
  doi = {10.1175/1520-0450(1987)026<0287:CCAFSI>2.0.CO;2},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JApMe..26..287S},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1987AdSpR...7..163K,
  author = {{Kayiranga}, T. and {Desbois}, M. and {Picon}, L.},
  title = {{Diurnal variations of convective cloudiness in tropical Africa observed with Meteosat ISCCP B2 data}},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {163-166},
  abstract = {{Monthly composite images have been constructed from 8 times of the day
from the ISCCP B2 Meteosat data set. Average and standard deviation
images in IR and WV channels have been constructed at first. These
images allow to describe the mean diurnal cycle of convection over
Africa, and show that this cycle is strongly influenced by the
orography. Comparisons between two very different rainy seasons in West
Africa, 1983 and 1985, show some differences in the diurnal cycles.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0273-1177(87)90140-2},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987AdSpR...7..163K},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1987AdSpR...7..159D,
  author = {{Drake}, F. and {Sèze}, G. and {Desbois}, M. and {Henderson-Sellers}, A.
	},
  title = {{European ISCCP sector surface and satellite retrieved cloud comparison}},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {159-161},
  abstract = {{A comparison between surface-observed total, low and high cloud amount
and retrievals from METEOSAT radiance data made using the cluster
technique of Desbois et al. has been undertaken. Observations for 12.00
GMT for the 20 day period 22nd July to 10th August 1983 were compared
with retrievals made from METEOSAT radiances measured at 11.30 GMT. The
comparisons for total and low cloud amount were made for 204 stations
covering France, southern Britain and West Germany although high cloud
amount comparisons were not possible for France, so only 114 stations
were used. The location and time period were selected to coincide with
one of the regions designated for the validation phase of the
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, ISCCP. The results
are generally good: for total cloud amount 30\% of retrievals were fully
in agreement and 64\% of the differences were within +/-1 okta. As
anticipated, the surface observations offered additional information oin
low cloud cover in multi-layer situations. Surface observers were also
found to identify thin cirrus which was not detected by the satellite
retrieval and to detect small gaps in cloud decks and small clouds
missed by the satellite retrieval.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0273-1177(87)90139-6},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987AdSpR...7..159D},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1987AdSpR...7..155S,
  author = {{Sèze}, G. and {Rossow}, W.},
  title = {{Time-cumulated visible and infrared histograms used as descriptor of cloud cover}},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  year = 1987,
  volume = 7,
  pages = {155-158},
  abstract = {{To study the statistical behavior of clouds for different climate
regimes, the spatial and temporal stability of VIS-IR bi-dimensional
histograms is tested. Also, the effect of data sampling and averaging on
the histogram shapes is considered; in particular the sampling strategy
used by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project is tested.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0273-1177(87)90138-4},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987AdSpR...7..155S},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}