lmd_Bony2008.bib

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@article{2008GeoRL..3515704C,
  author = {{Chepfer}, H. and {Bony}, S. and {Winker}, D. and {Chiriaco}, M. and 
	{Dufresne}, J.-L. and {Sèze}, G.},
  title = {{Use of CALIPSO lidar observations to evaluate the cloudiness simulated by a climate model}},
  journal = {\grl},
  keywords = {Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Global Change: Global climate models (3337, 4928), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud/radiation interaction, Global Change: Remote sensing (1855), Atmospheric Processes: Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408)},
  year = 2008,
  month = aug,
  volume = 35,
  eid = {L15704},
  pages = {15704},
  abstract = {{New space-borne active sensors make it possible to observe the
three-dimensional structure of clouds. Here we use CALIPSO lidar
observations together with a lidar simulator to evaluate the cloudiness
simulated by a climate model: modeled atmospheric profiles are converted
to an ensemble of subgrid-scale attenuated backscatter lidar signals
from which a cloud fraction is derived. Except in regions of persistent
thick upper-level clouds, the cloud fraction diagnosed through this
procedure is close to that actually predicted by the model. A fractional
cloudiness is diagnosed consistently from CALIPSO data at a
spatio-temporal resolution comparable to that of the model. The
comparison of the model's cloudiness with CALIPSO data reveals
discrepancies more pronounced than in previous model evaluations based
on passive observations. This suggests that space-borne lidar
observations constitute a powerful tool for the evaluation of clouds in
large-scale models, including marine boundary-layer clouds
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL034207},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008GeoRL..3515704C},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2008GeoRL..3524808R,
  author = {{Risi}, C. and {Bony}, S. and {Vimeux}, F. and {Descroix}, L. and 
	{Ibrahim}, B. and {Lebreton}, E. and {Mamadou}, I. and {Sultan}, B.
	},
  title = {{What controls the isotopic composition of the African monsoon precipitation? Insights from event-based precipitation collected during the 2006 AMMA field campaign}},
  journal = {\grl},
  keywords = {Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry (1041, 4870), Global Change: Water cycles (1836), Atmospheric Processes: Tropical meteorology, Atmospheric Processes: Convective processes, Atmospheric Processes: Precipitation (1854)},
  year = 2008,
  month = dec,
  volume = 35,
  eid = {L24808},
  pages = {24808},
  abstract = {{The stable isotopic composition of the tropical precipitation
constitutes a useful tool for paleoclimate reconstructions and to better
constrain the water cycle. To better understand what controls the
isotopic composition of tropical precipitation, we analyze the {$\delta$}
$^{18}$O and deuterium-excess of the precipitation of individual
events collected in the Niamey area (Niger) during the monsoon season,
as part of the 2006 AMMA field campaign. During the monsoon onset, the
abrupt increase of convective activity over the Sahel is associated with
an abrupt change in the isotopic composition. Before the onset, when
convective activity is scarce, the rain composition records the
intensity and the organization of individual convective systems. After
the onset, on the contrary, it records a regional-scale intra-seasonal
variability over the Sahel, by integrating convective activity both
spatially and temporally over the previous days.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GL035920},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008GeoRL..3524808R},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2008JGRD..11319306R,
  author = {{Risi}, C. and {Bony}, S. and {Vimeux}, F.},
  title = {{Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition ({$\delta$}$^{18}$O and {$\delta$}D) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 2. Physical interpretation of the amount effect}},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
  keywords = {Atmospheric Processes: Convective processes, Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography (3344, 4900), Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry (1041, 4870), water stable isotopes, convection, amount effect},
  year = 2008,
  month = oct,
  volume = 113,
  number = d12,
  eid = {D19306},
  pages = {19306},
  abstract = {{In the tropics, the proportion of heavier water isotopes in
precipitation is anticorrelated with the precipitation amount. The
physical processes underlying this so-called amount effect are still
poorly understood and quantified. In the present study, stable water
isotopes (H$_{2}$$^{18}$O and HDO) have been introduced in a
single column model including the Emanuel convection parameterization.
We investigate the physical processes underlying the amount effect and
propose a methodology to quantify their relative contributions. We focus
on convective processes, since the idealized framework of the single
column models does not allow us to consider the effects of large-scale
horizontal advections of air masses of different isotopic signatures. We
show that two kinds of processes predominantly explain the amount
effect: first, the reevaporation of the falling rain and the diffusive
exchanges with the surrounding vapor; and second, the recycling of the
subcloud layer vapor feeding the convective system by convective fluxes.
This highlights the importance of a detailed representation of rain
evaporation processes to simulate accurately the isotopic composition of
precipitation in the tropics. The variability of the isotopic
composition on different timescales (from days to months) is also
studied using a unidimensional simulation of the Tropical Ocean-Global
Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE)
campaign. The amount effect is best observable at intraseasonal or
longer timescales. The period of time over which convective activity
significantly affects the isotopic composition of precipitation is
related to the residence time of water within atmospheric reservoirs.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JD009943},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..11319306R},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2008JGRD..11319305B,
  author = {{Bony}, S. and {Risi}, C. and {Vimeux}, F.},
  title = {{Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition ({$\delta$}$^{18}$O and {$\delta$}D) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 1. Radiative-convective equilibrium and Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) simulations}},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
  keywords = {Atmospheric Processes: Convective processes, Atmospheric Processes: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions, Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography (3344, 4900), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, water stable isotopes, convection, tropical atmosphere},
  year = 2008,
  month = oct,
  volume = 113,
  number = d12,
  eid = {D19305},
  pages = {19305},
  abstract = {{Cumulus convection constitutes a key process in the control of tropical
precipitation and the vertical transport of atmospheric water. To better
understand the influence of convective processes on the isotopic
composition of precipitation and water vapor, water stable isotopes
(H$_{2}$$^{18}$O and HDO) are introduced into a single
column model including the Emanuel convective parameterization. This
paper analyzes unidimensional simulations of the tropical atmosphere in
a state of radiative-convective equilibrium, and simulations forced by
data from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere
Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE). This study shows that deep convective
atmospheres are associated with robust isotopic features such as an
isotopic composition of the air below the tropical tropopause layer
(around 12-13 km) close to the typical values observed in the lower
tropical stratosphere, and an isotopic enrichment of the upper
tropospheric water that starts well below the tropopause. It highlights
the critical role of condensate lofting and convective detrainment in
these features, and the role of convective unsaturated downdrafts in the
control of the isotopic composition of precipitation. Finally, it shows
that the so-called ''amount effect'' primarily reveals the influence of
large-scale atmospheric circulation changes on the isotopic composition
of the precipitation, and that temperature changes not associated with
circulation changes lead to an ''anti-amount effect''. The detailed
analysis of the physical processes underlying the ''amount effect'' is
presented in a companion paper.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2008JD009942},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JGRD..11319305B},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2008JCli...21.5135D,
  author = {{Dufresne}, J.-L. and {Bony}, S.},
  title = {{An Assessment of the Primary Sources of Spread of Global Warming Estimates from Coupled Atmosphere Ocean Models}},
  journal = {Journal of Climate},
  year = 2008,
  volume = 21,
  pages = {5135},
  doi = {10.1175/2008JCLI2239.1},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JCli...21.5135D},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}