lmd_EMC31991.bib

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@article{1991JGR....9622623C,
  author = {{Cheruy}, F. and {Kandel}, R.~S. and {Duvel}, J.~P.},
  title = {{Outgoing longwave radiation and its diurnal variations from combined Earth Radiation Budget Experiment and Meteosat observations :2. Using Meteosat data to determine the longwave diurnal cycle}},
  journal = {\jgr},
  keywords = {Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Tropical meteorology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Instruments and techniques},
  year = 1991,
  month = dec,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {22623},
  abstract = {{For April and July 1985, applying the narrow to broadband conversion of
part 1 to Meteosat observations obtained at 3-hour intervals (ISCCP B2
data), we determine the monthly mean radiant exitance as well as the
mean diurnal variation, over 2.5{\deg}{\times}2.5{\deg} latitude-longitude
regions of tropical Africa and the neighboring Atlantic Ocean. We
compare these determinations with those obtained directly from the ERBS
and NOAA 9 Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data for this month,
for which the time sampling is sparser and not so uniform. Excellent
agreement is obtained in most cases, in particular for the overall
monthly means. However, for the monthly mean diurnal variation there are
situations in which the ERBE time sampling, the nature of the ERBE
diurnal modeling scheme and the convolution of weather system changes
with the diurnal cycle, combine to produce significant differences
between the ERBE determination and the Meteosat result. These
differences would mostly have been much smaller had the third ERBE
instrument package been in operation (at 0730/1930 LT) as originally
planned. We consider possible improvements in diurnal interpolation
procedures, but note that there is no general way to remove bias
resulting from inadequate time sampling.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/91JD02154},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGR....9622623C},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991JGR....9622611C,
  author = {{Cheruy}, F. and {Kandel}, R.~S. and {Duvel}, J.~P.},
  title = {{Outgoing longwave radiation and its diurnal variation from combined ERBE and Meteosat observations: 1. Estimating OLR from Meteosat data}},
  journal = {\jgr},
  keywords = {Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Tropical meteorology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Instruments and techniques},
  year = 1991,
  month = dec,
  volume = 96,
  pages = {22611},
  abstract = {{Radiative transfer calculations show that measurements in two relatively
narrow spectral domains, corresponding to the atmospheric infrared
window and to a band of water vapor absorption, can account for nearly
all of the variance of outgoing longwave radiation integrated over the
entire thermal spectrum. Statistical analyses of simultaneous colocated
Meteosat radiance and Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) radiant
exitance data, for the months of November 1984 and April and July 1985,
yield regression coefficients for estimating longwave radiant exitance
M$_{LW}$ from radiances observed in the Meteosat infrared (IR)
window and water vapor (WV) channels, with root-mean-square errors of
the order of or less than 10 W m$^{-2}$. The coefficients thus
obtained are in good agreement with coefficients relating
M$_{LW}$, IR and WV from analysis of results of radiative transfer
calculations. Meteosat data can then be used to estimate M$_{LW}$
at times not sampled by ERBE. Although some biases appear to exist over
areas of heterogeneous cloud cover, they should not significantly affect
studies of strong diurnal variations.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/91JD02153},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGR....9622611C},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991DyAtO..16..147Y,
  author = {{Yu}, W. and {Sèze}, G. and {Le Treut}, H. and {Desbois}, M.
	},
  title = {{Comparison of radiance fields observed by satellite and simulated by the LMD general circulation model}},
  journal = {Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans},
  year = 1991,
  month = oct,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {147-165},
  abstract = {{A time series of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
(ISCCP) B2 data has been used to study the spatio-temporal variability
of cloud radiance fields and to compare it with similar diagnostics
obtained from a numerical simulation with the Laboratoire de
Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model (GCM). We
first compare zonal means of the observed and simulated fluxes: the
largest differences appear mainly above land, probably due to a diurnal
cycle effect. A computation of the cloud radiative forcing is made to
distinguish model errors in the clear sky or in cloudy areas: it shows
that the radiative effect of the simulated clouds is generally smaller
than that of observed ones. The influence of the spatial resolution on
the variability of the visible and infrared radiance fields is examined.
The results show that the variability due to the better spatial
resolution of the satellite data cannot be simulated by the GCM;
however, the variability of the simulated radiances is comparable to
that of the satellite data when they are spatially averaged on the GCM
mesh. The temporal variability of the spatially averaged observed and
simulated radiances has a similar spatial distribution but the model
results are slightly smaller. The memory of the precedent state shown by
the autocorrelation function is longer for the GCM than for the
observation. However, the periods obtained by a spectral analysis in the
mid-latitude regions are approximately the same in the observation and
the simulation.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0377-0265(91)90018-B},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991DyAtO..16..147Y},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991DyAtO..16...73C,
  author = {{Cheruy}, F. and {Kandel}, R.~S.},
  title = {{Use of meteosat data for validation of the diurnal variation of the outgoing longwave radiation produced by ERBE}},
  journal = {Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans},
  year = 1991,
  month = oct,
  volume = 16,
  pages = {73-84},
  abstract = {{Radiative transfer calculations have been performed to demonstrate the
usefulness of the Meteosat observations in the relative narrow-band of
the water vapour absorption (WV, 5.7-7.1 {$\mu$}m) in addition to the
observations in the atmospheric infrared window (IR, 10.5-12.5 {$\mu$}m) to
deduce the integrated thermal outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). A
statistical analysis of colocated and nearly simultaneous Meteosat and
the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data has yielded regression
coefficients for estimating the OLR with Meteosat data during the months
of April and July 1985. These results have been used to study the mean
diurnal variation of the outgoing longwave radiation. The results show
that in some cases, because of inadequate time sampling, the form (and
especially the phase) of the longwave (LW) diurnal cycle is incorrectly
determined by ERBE, but that Meteosat data can improve the
determination. In nearly all cases, such errors have little or no
influence on the determination of monthly mean LW flux fields.
}},
  doi = {10.1016/0377-0265(91)90013-6},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991DyAtO..16...73C},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991IJRS...12..921S,
  author = {{Sèze}, G. and {Rossow}, W.~B.},
  title = {{Effects of satellite data resolution on measuring the space/time variations of surfaces and clouds}},
  journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
  year = 1991,
  month = may,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {921-952},
  doi = {10.1080/01431169108929703},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991IJRS...12..921S},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991IJRS...12..877S,
  author = {{Sèze}, G. and {Rossow}, W.~B.},
  title = {{Time-cumulated visible and infrared radiance histograms used as descriptors of surface and cloud variations}},
  journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
  year = 1991,
  month = may,
  volume = 12,
  pages = {877-920},
  doi = {10.1080/01431169108929702},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991IJRS...12..877S},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1991ClDy....5..175L,
  author = {{Le Trent}, H. and {Li}, Z.-X.},
  title = {{Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties}},
  journal = {Climate Dynamics},
  year = 1991,
  month = mar,
  volume = 5,
  pages = {175-187},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00251808},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991ClDy....5..175L},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}