lmd_Boucher2002.bib

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@article{2002JGRD..107.4690C,
  author = {{Cosme}, E. and {Genthon}, C. and {Martinerie}, P. and {Boucher}, O. and 
	{Pham}, M.},
  title = {{The sulfur cycle at high-southern latitudes in the LMD-ZT General Circulation Model}},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
  keywords = {Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes (3339, 4504), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere-constituent transport and chemistry, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: General circulation, Information Related to Geographic Region: Antarctica,, Antarctica, sulfur cycle, general circulation model, dimethylsulfide, ocean-atmosphere flux, tropospheric chemistry},
  year = 2002,
  month = dec,
  volume = 107,
  eid = {4690},
  pages = {4690},
  abstract = {{This modeling study was motivated by the recent publication of
year-round records of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
in Antarctica, completing the available series of sulfate and
methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Sulfur chemistry has been incorporated in
the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-Zoom Tracers
(LMD-ZT) Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), with
high-resolution and improved physics at high-southern latitudes. The
model predicts the concentration of six major sulfur species through
emissions, transport, wet and dry deposition, and chemistry in both gas
and aqueous phases. Model results are broadly realistic when compared
with measurements in air and snow or ice, as well as to results of other
modeling studies, at high- and middle-southern latitudes. Atmospheric
MSA concentrations are underestimated and DMSO concentrations are
overestimated in summer, reflecting the lack of a DMSO heterogeneous
sink leading to MSA. Experiments with various recently published
estimates of the rate of this sink are reported. Although not corrected
in this work, other defects are identified and discussed: DMS
concentrations are underestimated in winter, MSA and non-sea-salt (nss)
sulfate concentrations may be underestimated at the South Pole, the
deposition scheme used in the model may not be adapted to polar regions,
and the model does not adequately reproduces interannual variability.
Oceanic DMS sources have a major contribution to the variability of
sulfur in these regions. The model results suggest that in a large part
of central Antarctica ground-level atmospheric DMS concentrations are
larger in winter than in summer. At high-southern latitudes, high loads
of DMS and DMSO are found and the main chemical sink of sulfur dioxide
(SO$_{2}$) is aqueous oxidation by ozone (O$_{3}$), whereas
oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H$_{2}$O$_{2}$) dominates at
the global scale. A comprehensive modeled sulfur budget of Antarctica is
provided.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JD002149},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRD..107.4690C},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2002JGRD..107.4551F,
  author = {{Formenti}, P. and {Boucher}, O. and {Reiner}, T. and {Sprung}, D. and 
	{Andreae}, M.~O. and {Wendisch}, M. and {Wex}, H. and {Kindred}, D. and 
	{Tzortziou}, M. and {Vasaras}, A. and {Zerefos}, C.},
  title = {{STAAARTE-MED 1998 summer airborne measurements over the Aegean Sea 2. Aerosol scattering and absorption, and radiative calculations}},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
  keywords = {Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere-composition and chemistry, Information Related to Geographic Region: Europe,},
  year = 2002,
  month = nov,
  volume = 107,
  eid = {4551},
  pages = {4551},
  abstract = {{Chemical, physical, and optical measurements of aerosol particle
properties within an aged biomass-burning plume were performed on board
a research aircraft during a profile descent over a ground-based site in
northeastern Greece (40{\deg}24'N, 23{\deg}57'E 170 m asl) where
continuous measurements of the spectral downwelling solar irradiance
(global, direct, and diffuse) are being made. The aerosol optical depth
measured at the ground during the time of overflight was significantly
enhanced (0.39 at a wavelength of 500 nm) due to a haze layer between 1
and 3.5 km altitude. The dry particle scattering coefficient within the
layer was around 80 Mm$^{-1}$, and the particle absorption
coefficient was around 15 Mm$^{-1}$, giving a single scattering
albedo of 0.89 at 500 nm (dry state). The black carbon fraction is
estimated to account for 6-9\% of the total accumulation mode particle
mass ({\lt}1 {$\mu$}m diameter). The increase of the particle scattering
coefficient with increasing relative humidity at 500 nm is of the order
of 40\% for a change in relative humidity from 30 to 80\%. The dry,
altitude-dependent, particle number size distribution is used as input
parameter for radiative transfer calculations of the spectral
short-wave, downwelling irradiance at the surface. The agreement between
the calculated irradiances and the experimental results from the
ground-based radiometer is within 10\%, both for the direct and the
diffuse components (at 415, 501, and 615 nm). Calculations of the net
radiative forcing at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)
show that due to particle absorption the effect of aerosols is much
stronger at the surface than at the TOA. Over sea the net short-wave
radiative forcing (daytime average) between 280 nm and 4 {$\mu$}m is up to
-64 W m$^{-2}$ at the surface and up to -22 W m$^{-2}$ at
the TOA.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JD001536},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRD..107.4551F},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2002JGRD..107.4451F,
  author = {{Formenti}, P. and {Boucher}, O. and {Reiner}, T. and {Sprung}, D. and 
	{Andreae}, M.~O. and {Wendisch}, M. and {Wex}, H. and {Kindred}, D. and 
	{Tzortziou}, M. and {Vasaras}, A. and {Zerefos}, C.},
  title = {{STAAARTE-MED 1998 summer airborne measurements over the Aegean Sea 2. Aerosol scattering and absorption, and radiative calculations}},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
  keywords = {aerosols, Aegean Sea, optical properties, vertical profiles, direct radiative forcing},
  year = 2002,
  month = nov,
  volume = 107,
  eid = {4451},
  pages = {4451},
  abstract = {{Chemical, physical, and optical measurements of aerosol particle
properties within an aged biomass-burning plume were performed on board
a research aircraft during a profile descent over a ground-based site in
northeastern Greece (40{\deg}24'N, 23{\deg}57'E; 170 m asl) where
continuous measurements of the spectral downwelling solar irradiance
(global, direct, and diffuse) are being made. The aerosol optical depth
measured at the ground during the time of overflight was significantly
enhanced (0.39 at a wavelength of 500 nm) due to a haze layer between 1
and 3.5 km altitude. The dry particle scattering coefficient within the
layer was around 80 Mm$^{-1}$, and the particle absorption
coefficient was around 15 Mm$^{-1}$, giving a single scattering
albedo of 0.89 at 500 nm (dry state). The black carbon fraction is
estimated to account for 6-9\% of the total accumulation mode particle
mass ({\lt}1 {$\mu$}m diameter). The increase of the particle scattering
coefficient with increasing relative humidity at 500 nm is of the order
of 40\% for a change in relative humidity from 30 to 80\%. The dry,
altitude-dependent, particle number size distribution is used as input
parameter for radiative transfer calculations of the spectral
short-wave, downwelling irradiance at the surface. The agreement between
the calculated irradiances and the experimental results from the
ground-based radiometer is within 10\%, both for the direct and the
diffuse components (at 415, 501, and 615 nm). Calculations of the net
radiative forcing at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)
show that due to particle absorption the effect of aerosols is much
stronger at the surface than at the TOA. Over sea the net short-wave
radiative forcing (daytime average) between 280 nm and 4 {$\mu$}m is up to
-64 W m$^{-2}$ at the surface and up to -22 W m$^{-2}$ at
the TOA.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JD001536},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRD..107.4451F},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2002Natur.419..215K,
  author = {{Kaufman}, Y.~J. and {Tanré}, D. and {Boucher}, O.},
  title = {{A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system}},
  journal = {\nat},
  year = 2002,
  month = sep,
  volume = 419,
  pages = {215-223},
  abstract = {{Anthropogenic aerosols are intricately linked to the climate system and
to the hydrologic cycle. The net effect of aerosols is to cool the
climate system by reflecting sunlight. Depending on their composition,
aerosols can also absorb sunlight in the atmosphere, further cooling the
surface but warming the atmosphere in the process. These effects of
aerosols on the temperature profile, along with the role of aerosols as
cloud condensation nuclei, impact the hydrologic cycle, through changes
in cloud cover, cloud properties and precipitation. Unravelling these
feedbacks is particularly difficult because aerosols take a multitude of
shapes and forms, ranging from desert dust to urban pollution, and
because aerosol concentrations vary strongly over time and space. To
accurately study aerosol distribution and composition therefore requires
continuous observations from satellites, networks of ground-based
instruments and dedicated field experiments. Increases in aerosol
concentration and changes in their composition, driven by
industrialization and an expanding population, may adversely affect the
Earth's climate and water supply.
}},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.419..215K},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{2002GeoRL..29.1308B,
  author = {{Boucher}, O. and {Pham}, M.},
  title = {{History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings}},
  journal = {\grl},
  keywords = {Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere, Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes,},
  year = 2002,
  month = may,
  volume = 29,
  eid = {1308},
  pages = {1308},
  abstract = {{The history of the global sulfur cycle has been simulated using an
emission inventory of SO$_{2}$ for 1990 and previously published
historical trends in emission on a per country basis. The global-
annual-mean radiative forcings due to sulfate aerosols increase (in
absolute values) from near-zero and -0.17 Wm$^{-2}$ up to -0.4 and
-1 Wm$^{-2}$ between 1850 and 1990, for the direct and indirect
effects, respectively. The forcing efficiency (defined as the ratio of
the radiative forcing to the anthropogenic sulfate burden) is fairly
constant for the direct effect at -150 W(g sulfate)$^{-1}$ but
decreases significantly for the indirect effect with increasing sulfate
burden. The model results are compared with long-term observations for
the period 1980 to 1998 in the U.S. and Europe.
}},
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL014048},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GeoRL..29.1308B},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}