lmd_LEGACY1998.bib

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@article{1998JCli...11.1883S,
  author = {{Sharma}, O.~P. and {Le Treut}, H. and {Sèze}, G. and {Fairhead}, L. and 
	{Sadourny}, R.},
  title = {{Interannual Variations of Summer Monsoons: Sensitivity to Cloud Radiative Forcing.}},
  journal = {Journal of Climate},
  year = 1998,
  month = aug,
  volume = 11,
  pages = {1883-1905},
  abstract = {{The sensitivity of the interannual variations of the summer monsoons to
imposed cloudiness has been studied with a general circulation model
using the initial conditions prepared from the European Centre for
Medium-Range Forecasts analyses of 1 May 1987 and 1988. The cloud
optical properties in this global model are calculated from
prognostically computed cloud liquid water. The model successfully
simulates the contrasting behavior of these two successive monsoons.
However, when the optical properties of the observed clouds are
specified in the model runs, the simulations show some degradation over
India and its vicinity. The main cause of this degradation is the
reduced land-sea temperature contrast resulting from the radiative
effects of the observed clouds imposed in such simulations. It is argued
that the high concentration of condensed water content of clouds over
the Indian land areas will serve to limit heating of the land, thereby
reducing the thermal contrast that gives rise to a weak Somali jet. A
countermonsoon circulation is, therefore, simulated in the vector
difference field of 850-hPa winds from the model runs with externally
specified clouds. This countermonsoon circulation is associated with an
equatorial heat source that is the response of the model to the
radiative effects of the imposed clouds. Indeed, there are at least two
clear points that can be made: 1) the cloud-SST patterns, together,
affect the interannual variability; and 2) with both clouds and SST
imposed, the model simulation is less sensitive to initial conditions.
Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of dynamically
consistent clouds developing in response to the dynamical, thermal, and
moist state of the atmosphere during model integrations.
}},
  doi = {10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.1883},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JCli...11.1883S},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{1998TellA..50..302T,
  author = {{Teitelbaum}, H. and {Sadourny}, R.},
  title = {{The r{\^o}le of planetary waves in the formation of polar stratospheric clouds}},
  journal = {Tellus Series A},
  year = 1998,
  month = may,
  volume = 50,
  pages = {302},
  abstract = {{Several recent works attribute the formation of polar stratospheric
clouds (PSCs) to the occurrence of localized orographic waves. Using
ECMWF analyses, we investigate the large scale stratospheric flow
conditions in a number of cases where PSCs have been detected, both in
the Arctic and in the Antarctic. We show that PSCs appear within strong
planetary scale uplifts of isentropic surfaces. The adiabatic cooling of
air parcels travelling within such planetary scale uplifts while
conserving their humidity and trace constituents, seems to be the main
mechanism for PSC formation. The PSC distribution would then follow a
planetary structure, even though local orographic waves could still play
an additional role when planetary scale conditions are met.
}},
  doi = {10.1034/j.1600-0870.1998.t01-2-00004.x},
  adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998TellA..50..302T},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}