lmd_Risi2012.bib
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@article{2012ACP....1210817L,
author = {{Lacour}, J.-L. and {Risi}, C. and {Clarisse}, L. and {Bony}, S. and
{Hurtmans}, D. and {Clerbaux}, C. and {Coheur}, P.-F.},
title = {{Mid-tropospheric {$\delta$}D observations from IASI/MetOp at high spatial and temporal resolution}},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry \& Physics},
year = 2012,
month = nov,
volume = 12,
pages = {10817-10832},
abstract = {{In this paper we retrieve atmospheric HDO, H$_{2}$O concentrations
and their ratio {$\delta$}D from IASI radiances spectra. Our method relies
on an existing radiative transfer model (Atmosphit) and an optimal
estimation inversion scheme, but goes further than our previous work by
explicitly considering correlations between the two species. A global
HDO and H$_{2}$O a priori profile together with a covariance
matrix were built from daily LMDz-iso model simulations of HDO and
H$_{2}$O profiles over the whole globe and a whole year. The
retrieval parameters are described and characterized in terms of errors.
We show that IASI is mostly sensitive to {$\delta$}D in the middle
troposphere and allows retrieving {$\delta$}D for an integrated 3-6 km
column with an error of 38{\permil} on an individual measurement basis.
We examine the performance of the retrieval to capture the temporal
(seasonal and short-term) and spatial variations of {$\delta$}D for one
year of measurement at two dedicated sites (Darwin and Iza{\~n}a) and
a latitudinal band from -60{\deg} to 60{\deg} for a 15 day period in
January. We report a generally good agreement between IASI and the model
and indicate the capabilities of IASI to reproduce the large scale
variations of {$\delta$}D (seasonal cycle and latitudinal gradient) with
good accuracy. In particular, we show that there is no systematic
significant bias in the retrieved {$\delta$}D values in comparison with the
model, and that the retrieved variability is similar to the one in the
model even though there are certain local differences. Moreover, the
noticeable differences between IASI and the model are briefly examined
and suggest modeling issues instead of retrieval effects. Finally, the
results further reveal the unprecedented capabilities of IASI to capture
short-term variations in {$\delta$}D, highlighting the added value of the
sounder for monitoring hydrological processes.
}},
doi = {10.5194/acp-12-10817-2012},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ACP....1210817L},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012JGRD..117.5304R,
author = {{Risi}, C. and {Noone}, D. and {Worden}, J. and {Frankenberg}, C. and
{Stiller}, G. and {Kiefer}, M. and {Funke}, B. and {Walker}, K. and
{Bernath}, P. and {Schneider}, M. and {Bony}, S. and {Lee}, J. and
{Brown}, D. and {Sturm}, C.},
title = {{Process-evaluation of tropospheric humidity simulated by general circulation models using water vapor isotopic observations: 2. Using isotopic diagnostics to understand the mid and upper tropospheric moist bias in the tropics and subtropics}},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
keywords = {general circulation models, process-based evaluation, relative humidity, water isotopes, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Processes: Global climate models (1626, 4928), Atmospheric Processes: Remote sensing (4337)},
year = 2012,
month = mar,
volume = 117,
eid = {D05304},
pages = {5304},
abstract = {{Evaluating the representation of processes controlling tropical and
subtropical tropospheric relative humidity (RH) in atmospheric general
circulation models (GCMs) is crucial to assess the credibility of
predicted climate changes. GCMs have long exhibited a moist bias in the
tropical and subtropical mid and upper troposphere, which could be due
to the mis-representation of cloud processes or of the large-scale
circulation, or to excessive diffusion during water vapor transport. The
goal of this study is to use observations of the water vapor isotopic
ratio to understand the cause of this bias. We compare the
three-dimensional distribution of the water vapor isotopic ratio
measured from space and ground to that simulated by several versions of
the isotopic GCM LMDZ. We show that the combined evaluation of RH and of
the water vapor isotopic composition makes it possible to discriminate
the most likely cause of RH biases. Models characterized either by an
excessive vertical diffusion, an excessive convective detrainment or an
underestimated in situ cloud condensation will all produce a moist bias
in the free troposphere. However, only an excessive vertical diffusion
can lead to a reversed seasonality of the free tropospheric isotopic
composition in the subtropics compared to observations. Comparing seven
isotopic GCMs suggests that the moist bias found in many GCMs in the mid
and upper troposphere most frequently results from an excessive
diffusion during vertical water vapor transport. This study demonstrates
the added value of water vapor isotopic measurements for interpreting
shortcomings in the simulation of RH by climate models.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2011JD016623},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRD..117.5304R},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012JGRD..117.5303R,
author = {{Risi}, C. and {Noone}, D. and {Worden}, J. and {Frankenberg}, C. and
{Stiller}, G. and {Kiefer}, M. and {Funke}, B. and {Walker}, K. and
{Bernath}, P. and {Schneider}, M. and {Wunch}, D. and {Sherlock}, V. and
{Deutscher}, N. and {Griffith}, D. and {Wennberg}, P.~O. and
{Strong}, K. and {Smale}, D. and {Mahieu}, E. and {Barthlott}, S. and
{Hase}, F. and {Garc{\'{\i}}A}, O. and {Notholt}, J. and {Warneke}, T. and
{Toon}, G. and {Sayres}, D. and {Bony}, S. and {Lee}, J. and
{Brown}, D. and {Uemura}, R. and {Sturm}, C.},
title = {{Process-evaluation of tropospheric humidity simulated by general circulation models using water vapor isotopologues: 1. Comparison between models and observations}},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
keywords = {general circulation models, process-based evaluation, relative humidity, water isotopes, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Processes: Global climate models (1626, 4928), Atmospheric Processes: Regional modeling (4316), Paleoceanography: Global climate models (1626, 3337)},
year = 2012,
month = mar,
volume = 117,
eid = {D05303},
pages = {5303},
abstract = {{The goal of this study is to determine how H$_{2}$O and HDO
measurements in water vapor can be used to detect and diagnose biases in
the representation of processes controlling tropospheric humidity in
atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs). We analyze a large number
of isotopic data sets (four satellite, sixteen ground-based
remote-sensing, five surface in situ and three aircraft data sets) that
are sensitive to different altitudes throughout the free troposphere.
Despite significant differences between data sets, we identify some
observed HDO/H$_{2}$O characteristics that are robust across data
sets and that can be used to evaluate models. We evaluate the isotopic
GCM LMDZ, accounting for the effects of spatiotemporal sampling and
instrument sensitivity. We find that LMDZ reproduces the spatial
patterns in the lower and mid troposphere remarkably well. However, it
underestimates the amplitude of seasonal variations in isotopic
composition at all levels in the subtropics and in midlatitudes, and
this bias is consistent across all data sets. LMDZ also underestimates
the observed meridional isotopic gradient and the contrast between dry
and convective tropical regions compared to satellite data sets.
Comparison with six other isotope-enabled GCMs from the SWING2 project
shows that biases exhibited by LMDZ are common to all models. The SWING2
GCMs show a very large spread in isotopic behavior that is not obviously
related to that of humidity, suggesting water vapor isotopic
measurements could be used to expose model shortcomings. In a companion
paper, the isotopic differences between models are interpreted in terms
of biases in the representation of processes controlling humidity.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2011JD016621},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRD..117.5303R},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012ACP....1210485F,
author = {{Field}, R.~D. and {Risi}, C. and {Schmidt}, G.~A. and {Worden}, J. and
{Voulgarakis}, A. and {LeGrande}, A.~N. and {Sobel}, A.~H. and
{Healy}, R.~J.},
title = {{A Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer HDO/H$_{2}$O retrieval simulator for climate models}},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry \& Physics},
year = 2012,
month = nov,
volume = 12,
pages = {10485-10504},
abstract = {{Retrievals of the isotopic composition of water vapor from the Aura
Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) have unique value in
constraining moist processes in climate models. Accurate comparison
between simulated and retrieved values requires that model profiles that
would be poorly retrieved are excluded, and that an instrument operator
be applied to the remaining profiles. Typically, this is done by
sampling model output at satellite measurement points and using the
quality flags and averaging kernels from individual retrievals at
specific places and times. This approach is not reliable when the model
meteorological conditions influencing retrieval sensitivity are
different from those observed by the instrument at short time scales,
which will be the case for free-running climate simulations. In this
study, we describe an alternative, ''categorical'' approach to applying
the instrument operator, implemented within the NASA GISS ModelE general
circulation model. Retrieval quality and averaging kernel structure are
predicted empirically from model conditions, rather than obtained from
collocated satellite observations. This approach can be used for
arbitrary model configurations, and requires no agreement between
satellite-retrieved and model meteorology at short time scales. To test
this approach, nudged simulations were conducted using both the
retrieval-based and categorical operators. Cloud cover, surface
temperature and free-tropospheric moisture content were the most
important predictors of retrieval quality and averaging kernel
structure. There was good agreement between the {$\delta$}D fields after
applying the retrieval-based and more detailed categorical operators,
with increases of up to 30{\permil} over the ocean and decreases of up to
40{\permil} over land relative to the raw model fields. The categorical
operator performed better over the ocean than over land, and requires
further refinement for use outside of the tropics. After applying the
TES operator, ModelE had {$\delta$}D biases of -8{\permil} over ocean and
-34{\permil} over land compared to TES {$\delta$}D, which were less than the
biases using raw model {$\delta$}D fields.
}},
doi = {10.5194/acp-12-10485-2012},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ACP....1210485F},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012JGRD..11719205S,
author = {{Sherwood}, S.~C. and {Risi}, C.},
title = {{The HDO/H$_{2}$O relationship in tropospheric water vapor in an idealized {\ldquo}last-saturation{\rdquo} model}},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
keywords = {atmospheric convection, climate, isotopes, water vapor, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, Global Change: Water cycles (1836), Atmospheric Processes: Convective processes, Atmospheric Processes: Idealized model},
year = 2012,
month = oct,
volume = 117,
number = d16,
eid = {D19205},
pages = {19205},
abstract = {{Previous model studies have shown that the isotopic composition of
tropospheric water vapor is sensitive to atmospheric water transport
processes, but compositional information is difficult to interpret due
to the complexity of the models. Here an attempt is made to clarify the
sensitivity by computing the relationship between tropospheric HDO (via
{$\delta$}D) and H$_{2}$O (via specific humidity q) in an idealized
model atmosphere based on a ''last-saturation'' framework that includes
convection coupled to a steady large-scale circulation with prescribed
horizontal mixing. Multiple physical representations of convection and
mixing allow key structural as well as parametric uncertainties to be
explored. This model has previously been shown to reproduce the
essential aspects of the humidity distribution. Variations of{$\delta$}D or
qindividually are dominated by local dynamics, but their relationship is
preserved advectively, thus revealing conditions in regions of
convection. The model qualitatively agrees with satellite observations,
and reproduces some parametric sensitivities seen in previous GCM
experiments. Sensitivity to model assumptions is greatest in the upper
troposphere, apparently because in-situ evaporation and condensation
processes in convective regions are more dominant in the budget there.
In general, vapor recycling analogous to that in continental interiors
emerges as the crucial element in explaining why{$\delta$}D exceeds that
predicted by a simple Rayleigh process; such recycling involves
coexistent condensation sinks and convective moisture sources, induced
respectively by (for example) waves and small-scale convective mixing.
The relative humidity distribution is much less sensitive to such
recycling.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2012JD018068},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRD..11719205S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012JGRD..11715112L,
author = {{Lee}, J.-E. and {Risi}, C. and {Fung}, I. and {Worden}, J. and
{Scheepmaker}, R.~A. and {Lintner}, B. and {Frankenberg}, C.
},
title = {{Asian monsoon hydrometeorology from TES and SCIAMACHY water vapor isotope measurements and LMDZ simulations: Implications for speleothem climate record interpretation}},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
keywords = {Asian monsoon, amount effect, climate modeling, insolation, speleothem, water isotopes, Global Change: Abrupt/rapid climate change (4901, 8408), Global Change: Climate variability (1635, 3305, 3309, 4215, 4513), Global Change: Cryospheric change (0776), Global Change: Impacts of global change (1225, 4321), Global Change: Remote sensing (1855, 4337)},
year = 2012,
month = aug,
volume = 117,
number = d16,
eid = {D15112},
pages = {15112},
abstract = {{Observations show that heavy oxygen isotope composition in precipitation
({$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$) increases from coastal southeastern
(SE) China to interior northwestern (NW) China during the wet season,
contradicting expectations from simple Rayleigh distillation theory.
Here we employ stable isotopes of precipitation and vapor from satellite
measurements and climate model simulations to characterize the moisture
processes that control Asian monsoon precipitation and relate these
processes to speleothem paleoclimate records. We find that
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ is low over SE China as a result of
local and upstream condensation and that
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ is high over NW China because of
evaporative enrichment of $^{18}$O as raindrops fall through dry
air. We show that {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ at cave sites over
southern China is weakly correlated with upstream precipitation in the
core of the Indian monsoon region rather than local precipitation, but
it is well-correlated with the {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ over
large areas of southern and central China, consistent with coherent
speleothem {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ variations over different
parts of China. Previous studies have documented high correlations
between speleothem {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ and millennial
timescale climate forcings, and we suggest that the high correlation
between insolation and speleothem {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ in
southern China reflects the variations of hydrologic processes over the
Indian monsoon region on millennial and orbital timescales. The
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{p}$ in the drier part (north of
{\tilde}30{\deg}N) of China, on the other hand, has consistently negative
correlations with local precipitation and may capture local hydrologic
processes related to changes in the extent of the Hadley circulation.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2011JD017133},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRD..11715112L},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012GeoRL..39.8805T,
author = {{Tremoy}, G. and {Vimeux}, F. and {Mayaki}, S. and {Souley}, I. and
{Cattani}, O. and {Risi}, C. and {Favreau}, G. and {Oi}, M.},
title = {{A 1-year long {$\delta$}$^{18}$O record of water vapor in Niamey (Niger) reveals insightful atmospheric processes at different timescales}},
journal = {\grl},
keywords = {Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry (0454, 4870), Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes, Atmospheric Processes: Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408), Atmospheric Processes: Convective processes, Atmospheric Processes: Instruments and techniques},
year = 2012,
month = apr,
volume = 39,
eid = {L08805},
pages = {8805},
abstract = {{We present a 1-year long representative {$\delta$}$^{18}$O record of
water vapor ({$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$) in Niamey (Niger) using
the Wavelength Scanned-Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS). We
explore how local and regional atmospheric processes influence
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$ variability from seasonal to diurnal
scale. At seasonal scale, {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$ exhibits a
W-shape, associated with the increase of regional convective activity
during the monsoon and the intensification of large scale subsidence
North of Niamey during the dry season. During the monsoon season,
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$ records a broad range of
intra-seasonal modes in the 25-40-day and 15-25-day bands
that could be related to the well-known modes of the West African
Monsoon (WAM). Strong {$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$ modulations are
also seen at the synoptic scale (5-9 days) during winter,
driven by tropical-extra-tropical teleconnections through the
propagation of a baroclinic wave train-like structure and intrusion of
air originating from higher altitude and latitude.
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O$_{v}$ also reveals a significant diurnal
cycle, which reflects mixing process between the boundary layer and the
free atmosphere during the dry season, and records the propagation of
density currents associated with meso-scale convective systems during
the monsoon season.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2012GL051298},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012GeoRL..39.8805T},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012JGRD..117.3106B,
author = {{Berkelhammer}, M. and {Risi}, C. and {Kurita}, N. and {Noone}, D.~C.
},
title = {{The moisture source sequence for the Madden-Julian Oscillation as derived from satellite retrievals of HDO and H$_{2}$O}},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres)},
keywords = {AURA, MJO, Tropical Climate, hydrology, isotopes, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: General or miscellaneous, Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry (0454, 4870), Hydrology: Hydrometeorology, Hydrology: Water budgets},
year = 2012,
month = feb,
volume = 117,
eid = {D03106},
pages = {3106},
abstract = {{A number of competing theories to explain the initiation mechanism,
longevity and propagation characteristics of the Madden-Julian
Oscillation (MJO) have been developed from observational analysis of the
tropical climate and minimal dynamical models. Using the isotopic
composition of atmospheric moisture from paired satellite retrievals of
H$_{2}$O and HDO from the boundary layer and mid troposphere, we
identify the different sources of moisture that feed MJO convection
during its life cycle. These fluxes are then associated with specific
dynamical processes. The HDO/H$_{2}$O isotope ratio data show that
during the early phase of the MJO, the mid-troposphere is dominated by
moisture evaporated from the ocean surface that was transported
vertically undergoing minimal distillation. The contribution from the
evaporative source diminishes during early convective activity but
reappears during the peak of MJO activity along with an isotopically
depleted flux, which is hypothesized to originate from easterly
convergence. The contribution of different moisture sources as shown
from the HDO/H$_{2}$O data is consistent with model results where
the sustaining of deep convection requires a feedback between
convergence, precipitation strength and evaporation. In the wake of an
MJO event, the weak vertical isotopic gradient, depletion in boundary
layer {$\delta$}D and the uniquely moist and depleted vapor in the mid
troposphere all point toward a prominent presence of moisture originated
from rainfall re-evaporation, which confirms the prediction that the
transition from convective to stratiform rains is important to the
moisture budget of the MJO.
}},
doi = {10.1029/2011JD016803},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRD..117.3106B},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{2012CliPa...8..205S,
author = {{Shi}, C. and {Daux}, V. and {Zhang}, Q.-B. and {Risi}, C. and
{Hou}, S.-G. and {Stievenard}, M. and {Pierre}, M. and {Li}, Z. and
{Masson-Delmotte}, V.},
title = {{Reconstruction of southeast Tibetan Plateau summer climate using tree ring {$\delta$}$^{18}$O: moisture variability over the past two centuries}},
journal = {Climate of the Past},
year = 2012,
month = feb,
volume = 8,
pages = {205-213},
abstract = {{A tree-ring {$\delta$}$^{18}$O chronology of Linzhi spruce, spanning
from AD 1781 to 2005, was developed in Bomi, Southeast Tibetan Plateau
(TP). During the period with instrumental data (AD 1961-2005), this
record is strongly correlated with regional CRU (Climate Research Unit)
summer cloud data, which is supported by a precipitation
{$\delta$}$^{18}$O simulation conducted with the isotope-enabled
atmospheric general circulation model LMDZiso. A reconstruction of a
regional summer cloud index, based upon the empirical relationship
between cloud and diurnal temperature range, was therefore achieved.
This index reflects regional moisture variability in the past 225 yr.
The climate appears drier and more stable in the 20th century than
previously. The drying trend in late 19th century of our reconstruction
is consistent with a decrease in the TP glacier accumulation recorded in
ice cores. An exceptional dry decade is documented in the 1810s,
possibly related to the impact of repeated volcanic eruptions on monsoon
flow.
}},
doi = {10.5194/cp-8-205-2012},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CliPa...8..205S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
